郭連元

so與such都有“如此、這么、那么”的意思，可進(jìn)行同義改寫，但用法不同。

1.so是副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞；而such是形容詞，修飾名詞。它們后面接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，詞序不同。

so的詞序?yàn)椋簊o+adj+a（an）+n

such的詞序?yàn)椋簊uch+a（an）+adj+n

它們可以表達(dá)同樣的意思，因此它們可以進(jìn)行同義改寫。

so nice a coat=such a nice coat 這么漂亮的一件外套

so interesting a book=such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本書

注意：后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，只能用such，而不能用so。例如：

such beautiful flowers 這么美麗的花

such clever children 如此聰明的孩子

但是，復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前有many，few，much，little修飾時(shí)，只能用so而不能用such，這是一種固定用法。例如：

so many books 這么多書

so few people 這么少的人

so much money 那么多的錢

so little milk 那么少的牛奶

2.和that連用時(shí)，意思基本一樣，但句型結(jié)構(gòu)不同。so...that...句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：

so+adj（adv）+that...

so+adj+a（an）+單數(shù)名詞+that...

so+many（few）+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that...

so+much（little）+不可數(shù)名詞+that... 例如：

This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.這本書如此有趣，我已經(jīng)看了三遍。

He spoke so fast that we couldnt understand him.他說得太快，我們都未能聽懂他的話。

It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天氣很熱，誰都不想干活。

There were so many people that we could hardly move on.這么多人，我們簡直無法繼續(xù)往前走。

such...that...句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：

such+a（an）+adj+單數(shù)名詞+that...

such+adj+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that...

such+adj+不可數(shù)名詞+that... 例如：

She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her.她是個(gè)很可愛的小姑娘，大家都喜歡她。

They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two.這么可口的蛋糕，我還想再吃兩塊。

It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it.這么香的牛奶，我們都想喝。

注意：由于so和such后跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，可以換用，同樣so...that...與such...that...也可以進(jìn)行同義句改寫。如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.可改寫成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times.It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.可改寫成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

3.so與that可以直接構(gòu)成詞組so that，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。例如：

He worked hard so that he could pass the exams.為了能通過考試，他學(xué)習(xí)很認(rèn)真。（但such沒有這種用法）