鄭紅燕

主語是一個句子的主體,它的位置一般在句首,主語可以是單詞、短語或從句。

謂語是主體的動作，一般放在主語后面， 謂語可由動詞或動詞短語組成。

例如：I love my mother.

其中I就是主語，love就是謂語動詞，my mother就是賓語。

主語和謂語是英語句子的兩大成分，除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時具有主語和謂語所表達的意思才能完整。主語是針對謂語而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語用來說明主語的情況，為主語提供信息。例如：They are working.主語是they(他們)，那么他們在做什么呢？看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下，英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致，也就是說主語在前，謂語緊跟其后。那么，哪些詞語可以作主語、謂語,下面將一一講述。

一、哪些詞可以充當主語

1.名詞 例如：

A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero.

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USAs example.

2.代詞 例如：

Its a young forest.

I dont know if it will grow.

Thats a bit expensive.

Youd better buy a new pair.

Im afraid we havent got any black shoes.

3.數(shù)詞 例如：

One and two is three.

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

4.不定式 （常以 Its+adj. to do sth. 形式出現(xiàn)） 例如：

To give is better than to receive.=Its better to give.

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

To become a nurse is my wish.

5.It 作主語，有如下情況：

1)指代剛剛提到的事物：——Whats this? ——Its a bus.(指代what)

2)指代一個你不知道或判斷不清性別的人：

——Whos knocking the door? ——Its me. (指代 who)

——Whos the baby in the picture? ——Its my sister.(指代 who)

3)表示時間，天氣，距離：

——Whats the time? ——Its eight oclock. (時間)

——Whats it going to be tomorrow?

——Its going to be rainy.(天氣)

——How far is it? ——Its about one kilometre away. (距離)

6.there引起的There be句型中，be作謂語，主語位居其后。例如：

There are many different kinds of mooncakes.

There will be a strong wind.

7.動詞的-ing形式(短語)作主語。例如:

Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.

8.從句作主語

作主語的從句稱為主語從句。可由that, whether, wh-等詞引導。

例如：That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.

[友情提示]有時介詞短語、副詞也可作主語。例如：

Between six and seven in the morning is the time I go jogging.

Nearby is a good place for camping.

二、謂語

謂語用來說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須用動詞,它在主語后面。謂語的中心詞是限定動詞，有人稱、數(shù)的變化。謂語大體上可分為兩類：簡單謂語和復合謂語。

簡單謂語

凡是由一個動詞或短語動詞構成的謂語，不管是什么時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，都是簡單謂語。例如：

I like walking. (一般現(xiàn)在時主動語態(tài))

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般過去時主動語態(tài))

It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài))

The plane takes off at 8, but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog.

I have tried this way three times and failed three times.

復合謂語也可分為兩種情況：

第一種是由“情態(tài)動詞，助動詞+不帶to的動詞不定式”構成的復合謂語。例如：

What does this word mean?

I wont do it again.

Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

Youd better catch a bus.

第二種是由“連系動詞+表語”構成的復合謂語。例如：

You look the same.

The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.

Keep quiet and listen to me.

He looked worried.

We have to get up early in the morning.

He seemed rather tired last night.

福建省永安市第一中學