劉才來 劉志強
小明今天見到How was your weekend?犯了愁,以前他只見過How is your father?之類的句子。怎么今天is 變was了呢?他打開課本之后忙請教英語老師,老師告訴他,這是關(guān)于英語一般過去時的問題。
小明:什么是一般過去時?
老師:一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。如:
1.We were in Grade 7 last year. 去年我們讀七年級。
(過去存在的狀態(tài))
2.Tom went to bed late last term. 上學(xué)期湯姆睡得很晚。
(過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作)
小明:一般過去時謂語動詞叫什么形式,怎樣變來的?
老師:叫動詞的過去式。規(guī)則動詞的過去式是動詞原形加-ed得來的。下面就講講變的方法吧。
1.直接加ed。如:ask→asked, help→helped, play→played, want→wanted,need→needed
2.以e結(jié)尾的動詞,加d。如:like→liked, love→loved, dance→danced
3.末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-ed。如:stop→stopped
4.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,改“y”為“i”,再加-ed。如:study→studied,carry→carried
5.還有一些動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的,在平時學(xué)習(xí)時要加強記憶,這里給同學(xué)們列舉一表格。
同學(xué)們,這里順便給你們說一下規(guī)則動詞過去式的讀音。
1.在清輔音后加的ed讀[t]。如:helped [helpt], asked [ɑ:skt]
2.在濁輔音和元音后加的ed讀[d]。如:used [ju:zd], played [pleid]
3.在[t], [d]后加的ed讀[id]。如:visited [vizitid], needed [ni:did]
小明:老師,一般過去時常與哪些時間狀語連用?
老師:一般過去時常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, yes-terday morning, last summer, in 1996, a moment ago等。
小明:你能給我舉幾個一般過去時的陳述句,疑問句的例子嗎?
老師:好?,F(xiàn)在我分兩部分給你舉例。
一、謂語動詞是be的情況
(一)陳述句
肯定式:This desk was new last year. 這桌子去年是新的。
否定式:Tom was not in last night. 湯姆昨天晚上不在家。
(二)疑問式
一般疑問句:將be提到句首即可。 如:
Was Mike twelve last year? 邁克去年十二歲嗎?
肯定回答:Yes, he was. 是的,他是。
否定回答:No, he wasnt. 不,他不是。
特殊疑問句 如:
——Where was John yesterday morning? 昨天上午約翰在哪里?
——He was in the study. 他在書房。
二、謂語動詞是實義動詞的情況
(一)陳述句
肯定式:I did my homework last Sunday. 上周日我做了家庭作業(yè)。
否定式:They didnt go to the beach yesterday morning.
昨天上午他們沒去海濱。
(二)疑問式
一般疑問句:將助動詞did放在句首,動詞用原形。如:
Did you clean your classroom this afternoon?
今天下午你打掃教室了嗎?
肯定回答:Yes, I did. 是的,我打掃了。
否定回答:No, I didnt. 不,我沒打掃。
特殊疑問句 如:
——What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么?
——I went to the movies. 我看電影去了。
小明:謝謝老師。我明白了一般過去時的用法。
練習(xí):
1. When ____ your birthday?
A. is B. was C. were D. are
2. His grandmother ____ on November 1, 1991.
A. dies B. died C. die D. dead
3. He ____ this book last week.
A. read B. reads C. readed D. is reading
4. She ____ here yesterday.
A. didnt came B. comes C. come D. didnt come
5. ____ you ____ the cute koala bear in the zoo last Monday.
A. Do, see B. Do, look C. Did, see D. Did, look
6. ____ you have great fun ____ the games?
A. Are, playing B. Do, played C. Did, playing D. Did, to play
7. When he ____ young, there ____ not so much food for him.
A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is
8. ——____ your last vacation great?
——Yes, it was.
A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were
9. They ____ the new building last week.
A. move B. moved C. moved to D. moved on
10. ——Where ____ he ____ volleyball last Sunday?
——In the Childrens Palace.
A. do, play B. are, playing C. did, play D. does, play
Key(2)